K2: Some background and History 乔戈里峰的历史背景

The local name of K2 is Chogori, which in Balti language means the king of mountains. This name is little known outside of Pakistan. It is, therefore, desirable that - K2 be used.

K2在当地巴拉提土语的名字是“乔戈里”，意思是“群山之王”。这个名字在巴基斯坦国土之外极少为世人所知。因此，K2就成了理所当然的名字了。

从肯考迪娅峰眺望乔戈里峰

K2 has variously been described as the "awesome", "killer" and "savage" mountain. This is because of its massiveness in size and the numerous unsuccessful attempts made on it by various expeditions, including many American expeditions, who have made quite a few unsuccessful attempts.

乔戈里峰在不同的时间里曾被描述成“令人敬畏的”“杀手”和“野蛮之峰”。这是由于它高大魁伟的山姿，也由于包括美国登山队在内的许多登山队在乔戈里峰上都历经了无数次失败的攀登尝试。

K2 is a rocky mountain up to 6000 meters, beyond which it becomes an ocean of snow. The K2 peak is situated on the Pak-China border in the mighty Karakoram range. The traditional route to its base camp goes from Skardu, which is linked with Islamabad by a good road. From Skardu the route goes via Shigar-Dassu-Askole up to Concordia over the Baltoro glacier. The exact height of the peak is 8,611 meters/28,251 ft.

乔戈里峰直到海拔6000米的地方都是岩石峰体，在这范围之上覆盖着一望无际的冰雪。乔戈里顶峰处于雄伟的喀喇昆仑山脉的中巴边境上。伊斯兰堡和斯卡都（巴基斯坦巴尔蒂斯坦首府）之间有条路况良好的大路相连接，因此通往大本营的传统路线都是从斯卡都起程的。从斯卡都出发，通过施迦--达苏--阿斯科尔直到巴尔托洛冰川上的肯考迪娅峰。乔戈里顶峰的确切海拔高度是8,611米（28,251英尺）。

It was in 1856, when the British were enforcing their control over India, provoking the 1857-War-of-lndependence, that a young Lieutenant of the Royal Engineers, T.G. Montgomerie, was quietly busy in surveying the mountains of Kashmir. During this survey he saw, in the far distance, a tall and conspicuous mountain in the direction of the Karakorams and immediately named it K1 (K stands for Karakorams). Later on, it turned out to be the beautiful mountain of Hushe valley in Khaplu area of Baltistan, called Masherbrum by locals. He also saw another tall and dominating summit behind K1 and named it K2, which turned out to be "Chogori". The name K2, however, still stands.

1856年，正当英国加强对印度的控制而引起了印度1857年独立战争的时候，一个年轻的英国皇家工兵陆军中尉T.G. 蒙特哥摩利正悄悄忙于勘察克什米尔境内的山峰。在他的勘察当中，他发现在遥远之处，有一座高大显著的山峰朝喀喇昆仑山脉地区方向屹立着，他立即将其命名为“K1”（K代表喀喇昆仑山脉）。之后，它被证明是巴拉提斯坦卡布鲁地区哈什山谷里一座美丽的山峰，当地土语称之为“马舒布鲁木峰”。他也看见了另一座高峰高耸在马舒布鲁木峰（K1）后面，并将之命名为“K2”，之后证明这就是“乔戈里峰”。然而，“K2”这个名字仍在使用。

Lieutenant Montgomerie was a good surveyor. He was the person who planned and organized the survey of Kashmir. He was also an unofficial political adviser to Gulab Singh, the then Maharaja of Kashmir. After Gulab Singhs death in 1857, Montgomerie continued his survey work as he carried the same influence with Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the successor of Gulab Singh. Montgomerie trained many locals in surveying. His students did good reconnaissance work in remote areas forbidden to foreigners because of local suspicions. A famous but unfortunate student of his was Muhammad Hameed.

蒙特哥摩利中尉是个不错的测量员。他策划组织勘察了克什米尔。他也是当时在位的克什米尔王公古拉·辛格的非官方政治顾问。1857年古拉·辛格王公驾崩后，由于蒙特哥摩利中尉具有和王公继承人马哈拉加·兰吉特?辛格一样的影响力，他得以继续他的勘察工作。蒙特哥摩利中尉还培训了许多当地测量员。因为当地人的猜忌，他的学生在遥远偏僻、禁止外国人进入的地区进行了不错的勘察工作。他有个著名但不幸的学生就是默罕麦德·哈米德。

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